Drainage system.



G. H. BARRUS.

DRAINAGE SYSTEM.

APPLICATZON mu) NOV. 18, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEE1 I.

SUPPLY mun.

DRAINAGE MAIN wane/a.) e a 5 gpvgjtoz 2 m l m i: (T/"9i I a 3 ma 3 W! G. H. BARRUS.

DRAINAGE SYSTEM.

APPLICATlON mu) NOV. I8, m4.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

51mm W601 a. (BMW Q12 v wmrmw w wk Patented July 25, 1916 QR Mwwwo? G. H. BARRUS.

DRAINAGE SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 18. 1914.

5 DRAINAGE 11 MAIN SECONDARY SUPPLY MAIN SUPPLY MAIN Patented July 25, 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3 nvawtoz taiu new dial pipe 01' equiv:

UNEEEQ GEQRGE HALE BAERUS, 91* BRUCE l E, ihiAESZiCI-HISETTS.

DRAINAGE Hifl, of which the following number of elements (sr units, and is pari ieu larly applicable to lane revolving drying cyl. inders of paper making macniues, and other machines of similar kind.

In paper machines and machines of similar character, the condensaion within the drying cylinders is withdrawn thraugh cne of the two trunnic'ns on which the cylinder revolves. This truuninn is made hollow and provided with two pageages, one of which serves to admit steam fer heating the c ."liuder and the other serves to discharge the. cnndened water and waste steam resulting therefrom. 'Ihere are two systems in cone mon use for-discharging the condensed water, viz. the bucket system and the siphon system. In the former a bucket, semi) hr dipper i5 attached firmly 0 the interior of the shell (smnetimes being made as: a part of t-lieshelll and revolves with ii; The bucket fills uiih Water when a6 ihe lowest 1 int, and when ii. rei'oives above 'e level of the trunnien the wa 1* which has been scooped up empties itself thrmigh a age and then the drain pipe wit-m1": or are the em; 0: trunnion;

In the bucket s i'stem, it" the di inders are run at a low speed the is not dependent. on he difference in pr sure between the steam in the cylinder and thatin the return main because the water empties by gravity when the bucket, in the process of revolution, elevated above the center. However, the centrifugal force on the water hecmnes considerable even w th moderate speeds of the drying cylinders, thereby causing the centrifugal force to hold the water hack until fihe bucket. is elevated considerably above the center, thus shorteir ing the time in wnich the Water has to run out. At high SPP-EC. of the drying cylinders such as are used in the productiun of thin papers, the cenirifugnl {OM15 iiiiffiiflci; so great that the aetian nf gravity 0!. hhe Waand useful Improvements in lie in the irylinderto 21 greater depth than *npletelj coi'mterneed' can not be depended drainage.

vstem a, siphon s5 56 led the drain pipe -"ithin 7 1e be ngm reality an exteni r, The part within the dmvnwardiy till it reaches very.

bciiien'i. Thesipho'n pipe i 55 open end l W r insideis eep enon V feiiis arrangement it, is 83 i L m'ainage upward throng i, the M pe dependent on the diiierence w ircssure bet-ween cylinder nudithe reurn main which rnustbe sufilcient to lift. the :a (er from zhe end 0, the siphon t6 the cenrjer of rhe trunnion, If the difference Of pressure becomes at any time insnil icient to do this, izhe \vater'is heldbfick in i1 UVi-lnders until the required diiferenee isresLtiired, and then the water is forcednut in 1:g'iih). {The discharge of :wal er by theiusnal marina of siphon drainage is th'erefere mere or less irregular. i I v In either .em, whet-hensiphezi or in discharge Writer reiizrn nn' 1 tra ch ch21rge-ti' 'i'i iliillii mefhnd of up: trapping leap in the cull-5:":-

he the refit is net continuous h l the. drying 15m the bucket sys tn mines very unsatisfa' be produce such a cnntinu ous' :IHiCQ in pressure between Cylinders am the return main that the Water will all be reinstantly and sieailily discharged through the drainage pipe and 10 water will secure a circulation of steam completely through each drier in such a way as to free it of air, and to do this by such means as to prevent loss of steamwhich would ordinarily occur with such a circulation.

lVith these two important objects ohtained,'-a maximum amount. of heat will be transferred. from the steam to the metal of the drying cylinder, and the pressure within the cylinder as well as the consumption of steam for doing the'required amount of heating will be reduced to a minimum.

The m'ainfea'ture's of my invention are the dividing of the series of drying cylin ders into two sections; supplying steam from the main source to the first section-of cylinders; providing in the'drainage pi e of each cylinder of the first section a. de pite size of passage so proportioned as to h iilrl back within these cylinders a sullicient steam pressure to obtain the required 'ditlerencein pressure between the cylinders and the return main. and allowing only such an amount of steam to pass through said drainage pipe along with the water condensation to the return main as is necessary to secure constant and steady drainage of the water and air from said cylinders; separating from the water in' the return main such steam as has been passed thereto and supplying itto the second section of cylinders; providing in the drainage pipe of each cylinder of the second section a definite size of passage so proportioned as to maintain Within these cylinders 21 maximum pressure. con sistent with their constant and steady drainage; separating the return main of the second section .from the principal return main of the first section so that it discharges independently to waste or to the hot well tank which receives the water discharged from the first section; and the adaptation of the number of drying cylinders using steam from the principal return main. to the dificrence in pressure necessary for most eilicient drainage of the water and air. In providing the definitely proportioned size of passage in the drainage pipes of both sections I find. it adv antagcous to accomplish this by having these drainage pipes con siderably larger than the size required for such a proportioned passage, and then by inserting a constricted orifice, preferably in the form of a valve provided with a notch or orifice of the proper size cut into its gate or seat, I am able to: secure a ready means of clearing the pipe of any foreign matter which would lodge in the orifice, by simply opening the orifice valve for a short time and allowing the foreign matter to be blown through. .Vhcre gate valves are used, they can be arranged either with a central orifice onwith a notch cut in the edge of the gate. I find it ad\-'antageous to so construct these orifices that their can be easily and quickly varied to suit the variation in condifierence of Y and the reoperated means of varying the size ofvthe i notch to suit the various conditions of use of the machine.

In the accompanying drawings, I have illustrated in connection with a paper machine the preferred embodiment of my in rcntion, and-in said drawings, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic side elevation of a portion of a paper machine showing the drying cylinders and the steam pipe connections for supplying the steam to these cylinders; Fig. a diagrammatic side elevation of the same cylinders viewed from the same point,

with the drainage pipe connections shown,

but omitting the steam pipe connections shown in Fig. 1, in order to avoid confusion through having too many pipes which be close together, shown on the same drawing;

Fig. 3 is a partial end elevation of a portion of Figs. 1 and 2- showing both the. steam pipes and the drainage pipes; and Fig. 4 is an enlarged partial view'of a standard gate valve showing the notch which I make in the edge of the gate;

Referring now to the drawings, what is known as the wet end of the maclnne.1s

at the left hand side, and beginning from this cnd I have indicated the first three of v the drying cylinders by the numerals l, 2, rt, and the remaining cylinders by the numcral 4. v

5 indicates the steam supplymain leading from which are the individual st am pipes (3. each of which supplies steam to its respcctivc cylinder, being connected at itsup per end to a double fitting 7, from which the horizontal pipe 8 projects into,'and has a running joint connection with, the revolvin; trunnion 9. The steam is thus conveyed through the hollow trunnion 9 to the interior of the drying cylinders as clearly shown in Fig. 3. Provided in each of the steampipest'i is a valve 10 for separately cutting otl the steam supply from each cylinder.

In Fig. 2, ll indicates the drainage main to which are connected separate-pipes 12' leading from each of the drying cylinders, each of the separate pipes 12 being connected at its upper end ton separatepassage, distinct from the steam passage, in the double fitting '7, the drainage being brought to this separate passage by a siphon pipe 1? which passes concentrically through the hollow trunnion i) to the interior of the drying cylinder Where itcurves downward until its drainage main which ultimately connectsrto the hot Well. In applying'my system to the machine as already described, I provide. waste steam pipe or secondary supply main lei which lies above the drainage main l1 and is connected thereto on its upper side by two or more pipes 15, 16, as is olearl shown in Fig. 1, Where the drainage main 1 has been shown in dotted lines, as this view refers entirely to the steam piping, the-pipe '11 here shoivn, however, being exactlythe same as pipe ll of Fig. 2 Where it is shown in solid lines. Connecting the Waste steam pipe 14- to the individual. steam supply pipes 6 of cylinders 1, 2 and 3, are pipes 17, said pipes 17 connecting to the pipes 6 above the valves,10,.a'nd each of the pipes 17 being provided with a valve 18. By shutting oil the valves 100i the pipes 6 leading to cylinders 1, 2- and 3, 'andopening the valves 18 in each of these three pipes 17 leading from the Waste steam pipe 34, the said cylinders are cut oil from the principal steam supply main. and are instead supplied with only such steam as comes from the drainage main.

In. Fig. 2 I have shown. a separate drainage pipe 19 with three connections 20 lead ing therefrom to the three drying cylinders 1, 2 and 3, the said pip 20 each having a valve 21 in it and connecting to the drain age pipes 12 of the said cylinders just above the valves the valves being used to shut oil" the drainage pipes 12- of these cylinders from the drainage main 11, so that the drainage from these three cylinders can he taken through the pipe 19 to the hot well, or if desired, by means of the pipe 23, to the atmosphere or any other place it is desired to take it.

Placed in each of the drainage pipes 172 of each of the drying cylinders 1, 2 3, 4, etc, a valve 24 in the gate of which is a notch 25 formed in the ed thereof, as

in praotici i find that in shown in Fig. order to ohtain the best results it is necessary not only to be able to slightly vary the size. of the notch for iilillerent conditions of use of the machine but also to have the notches in these val of some oi the cylinders diii'erent in size from those n others, the notch in the valvr" J et end oi the machine being some n at the dry a suitable diflerenoe of pressure b To adjust the machine for operation in accordance with my improved system the valves 10 and the valves 22 of the cylinders 1, 2 and 3 connecting the cylinders with the main steam supply and drainage pipes closed, and the valve 18 from the secondary s mly mainv and the valves 21 of the drain ,i e pipe system are open so that cylinders l 2 and 3 will be cutfroni the 'main supply and drainage pipes'to which all the other cylinders are connected. The orifice valves 2% for all the cylinders will be properly proportioned and adjusted to give the desired dill'eren'ce in pressure between the cylinders and their drainage Pipes. I

The water of condensation formed-in the cylinders will be taken along with only such amount of steam which is necessary to secure continuous drainage into. the drainniainll, the steam separating from the water in the main and passing into the steam pipell fiI'OIl'LWlllQll it is supplied to the cylinders-1, and 3. The Water of condensation in these cylinders is discharged through the secondary drainage pipe. 19 to the hot well or other desired -point.

It i's-to he noted that the main object of the orifice valyes or 'properly proportioned passages in the drainage pipes, is to" secure 'een. the steam supply and the condensati'oii'retui h mains, or between the cylindersftheznselves and the return mains,f'vyith a minimum loss of steam. that will securea steady and continnous eir'cnlation which Will'not'only carry out the Water of condensation as it 18.

formed, hutalso any air that-is in the dry' cylinders. terns the difference in pressure between the steam in the supply pipe or'inv the cylinders, that in the'return main, is only a in theusual. "drainage syspornd or so, Where the siphon system of drainage is used, and even lesswherei the hnclret system is employed. This is dueto the steam that blows through the rotating connections between the cylinders and the drainage pipes and thus passes into the drainage mom i which itis held by the usual trap tliroLgh which the. water is discharged in passing from the return main to the not Well. By providing properly proportioned passages in. the drainage pipes of the first section of the drying cylinders I hold the amount of steam passing through drainage pipes to a predetermined ailment, and even that which do passthrough the said. passages into the return main is then taken from the upper part of the said return main (into which it is Iorced by the Water of condensation being heavier and settling to bottom of said pipe) and u? l tor 1 it the second section of the or cyli triers, the orifice valves or ore ierl proportioned nassa es in the drain- 1 i J i i v sets of units.

messes a predetermined amount of said steam to pass along withthe Water of condensation tothe said principal drainage main, means for separating from the said water said steam passed, and means for supplying said steam so passed to the second of said 3. In a drainage system thercoznbinatiou of a uniltiple number of steam heating units.

divided into two or more sets,-a principal drainage main, individual drainage connections between each "of the -,said units of one set and saidprincipal drainage main, asecondary drainage main, individual drainage connections betweeneach of the units of a second set and said lsecondary drainage main, means for supplying steam to the first or said sets of units, means for causing a predetermined difference in pressure to exist between each unit of said first set and said principal drainage main and for permitting a predetermined amount of said steam to pass along with the water of condcnsation to the said principal drainage main, means for separating. from the said water said steam Tso passed, means for [supplying said steam so passed vto the second 'fofsaid sets of units; and independent means i for each unit of said second set for causing a predetermined difierence in pressure to exist between the said units and the said ondary drainage main. i, In a dra nage system the combination supplying-steam to one of said sets of heating units, a fprincipal drainage main, means for passing a predetermined amount of said steam along with the water of condensation to said principal drainage main, means for separating from said water said steam passed, means for supplying said separated steam to the units of the second of said sets, ands-secondary drainage main, connections between the units of said second set and said secondary main, means for'cau sing a predetermined difference in pressure to exist tween said second set of heating units and said secondary drainage main and for main tgining the pressure insaid secondary drain age main at least equal to atmospheric pressure. p

5. In a drainage systernthe combination of a multiple number of steam heating units divided into two or more sets, a primary steam main with connections therefrom to supply each of said units of one set with steam, a primary drainage main, connections from each of said'units of the first set to said primary drainage main, said conncc "stricted passage in each fmaintai'n determined dificrcncc 1n :pres'su drainage main and through which a predetermined amount of steam is passed along with the water of condensation to said; drainage main, means for separating from said water said steam so passed and supplying it to the heating units of a second of said sets, a secondary drainage 'main and r connections from said second set of heating units to said secondary drainage main. 7 i

6. In a drainage system the combination of a multiple number of steam heating units I divided into two or more sets-a primar steam main with connections therefrom 'to supply each of said units-of ondset-With steam, a. primary drainage main; connec--' tions from each of said units of thefirsli'setj to said primary drainage inain -.through which a predetermined amount of steam is passed along with the water of -con'clen'sationj to said drainage main, means for separating" from said water said steam soj- -passedgand supplying it to the heating 'units 'of'i isecond of said sets, a secondary drainage main, and? connections from said second, set offheatin units to said secondary,drainage 'main; sai last mentioned connections jhaving said units and said seconda'r'yd 7. In a drainage system the e 7 of a multiple number of steam heating "units divided into 'twov'o'r more sets, .a'primary steam main- With connections therefromto. supply each of said units off'one lset with steam, a primary drainage main; connections from each of'said units'of theijfirst setto said primary'drainage main, said connec tions having a constricted passagein each for maintaining a predetcrmineddifierencc in pressure between said units and said drainage main and through which a predetermined amount of'stcam is passedalong with the water of condensation to said drainage main, means for separating fro'm said water said steam so passed and supplying it to the'heatiug units of .a second of said s ts, a secondary drainage main and connecti us from said second set of heating units to said secondary drainage main, said last mentionediconnections having a constricted passage in each for maintaining a predetermined difference in pressure between said units and said secondary drainage main. Q i J 8. In a drainage system the combination of a multiple member of steam heating units divided into me ormore sets,'a primary 25 steam main, connections therefro'm'to each of said units of the first set, a primary drainage main, connections from each of said units-to said drainage main, said connections .7

being each provided with a constricted passage exterior to its heating unit through which a predetermineifl amount of steam is passed along with the water of condensation to said drainage main, means for separating said water and steam, supply connections to each unit of said second set for supplying the separated steam to said units, a secondary drainage main, connections between the units of said second set and said secondary main, said connections being provided with constricted passages exterior to the said heating units, and means for maintaining pressure iii-said secondary drainage main equal at least to atmospheric pressure.

9. In a drainage system the combination of a multiple number of steam heating units divided into two or more sets, .means for supplying steam to the units of one of said sets, a principal drainage main, pipe connections between each unit of said set and said drainage main, ear. connection being pr0- vided with a gate valve having in its gate an orifice smaller than the cross-sectional area of said-connection for maintaining a. predetermined difference in pressure between each unit and said drainage main and for permitting a predetermined amount of steam to pass along with the water of condensation to said drainage main, means for separating said water and steam and for supplying said steam to the units of another set.

10. In a drainage system the combination of a multiple number of steam heating units divided into two or more sets, means for supplying steam to the units of one of said sets, a prirrcipal drainage main, pipe connections between each unit of said set and said drainage main, each connection being provided with a gate valve having in the edge of its gate a notch having a cross-sectional area smaller than the cross sectional area of said connection for maintaining a predetermined dilierencc in pressure be tween each unit and said drainage main and for permitting a predetermined amount of steam to pass along with the water of condensation to said drainage main, means for separating said water and steam and for supplying said steam to the units of another 0 set.

11. A drainage system for a plurality of heating units comprising means for supply- .ing said units with steam, a drainage main for said units, individual connections between each of said units and said drainage main, said connections being each provided with a constricted passage for maintaining a predetermined difference in pressure between the individual units and said drainago main whereby such pressure will effectually discharge the water of condensation from each unit.

A drainage system for a. plurality of heating units comprising means for supply ing said units with steam, a drainage main for said units, individual connections between each of said units and said drainage main, a gate valve in each of said connections having an orifice in its gate smaller than the cross-sectional area of the said connections for maintaining a predetermined diiterence in pressure between the individual units and said drainage main whereby such pressure will efl'ectually discharge the water of condensation from each unit.

13. in a drainage system the combination of a multiple number of steam heating units divided into sets, means for supplying steam to the units of one of said sets, a principal drainage main, connections between said drainage main and each of said units, each of said connections being provided with a constricted passage permitting a predetermined amount of steam to pass along with the water of condensation to said drainage main, means for separating said Water and steam, connections between said main and the heating units of a second set for supplying steam thereto, connections between the units of said second set and the main source of steam supply, connections between the units of said second set and said principal drainage main and valves in all of said connections of said secondary units for connecting at will with either source of supply or either drainage main.

Signed at Boston in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts this 14th day of November, 1914.

; GEORGE HALE BARRUS. \Vitnesses 'Hnnnun'r L. BAKER, LYDIA A. BRIM uEn.

It is hereby certifid that in Letters Patent, No. 1,192,369, granted July 25, 1916,

upon the application of 6001110 Halo Barrus, of Bnmkline, Massachusetts, for an improvement in Drainage Systems," an error appears in the printed specification requiring correctinn as follows; Pagn 4, line 45, for the numvml "207mm" rmwi 20700; and that the said Lettnrs Patent should be read with this C(IIIllfLiOH them-in mm. the same may wnfurm {0 the record of the case in the Patmn ()ifi zn.

Signed and sealed this 15th day of August, A. 1)., 1916.

fsnuhi F. W. H. CLAY,

Acting Commia'n'oner of Patents. CL 34-4 

